WORLD AND INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
Salient features of World’s Physical Geography
Geomorphology
Origin & Evolution of Earth
Interior of the Earth
Distribution of Continents & Oceans
Plate Tectonic Theory
Distribution of Earthquakes & Volcanoes
Rocks & Rock Cycle
Geomorphic Processes – Endogenic & Exogenic
Landforms & their Evolution
Geological Time Scale
Oceanography
Hydrological Cycle
Seafloor Spreading
Ocean Floor Configuration
Temperature & Salinity of Oceans
Movement of Oceans – Waves, Tides, Currents
Climatology
Earth’s Atmosphere – Composition & Structure
Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Temperature
Atmospheric Circulation & Weather Systems
World Climate (examples)
Soil Geography
Soil & Soil Contents
Process of Soil Formation
Soil Forming Factors
Types of Soils (examples)
Soil Erosion & Conservation
Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent)
• Types of Resources
On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Exhaustability etc.
• Land Resources
Land Utilisation
Land Use Pattern
Land Degradation & Conservation
• Forest Resources
Types & Distribution – Grasslands, Forests etc.
Causes of Depletion
Conservation of Forests
• Water Resources
Marine & Freshwater
Water Scarcity & Need For Conservation
Integrated Water Resources Management
• Agricultural Resources
Types of Farming
Cropping Patterns
Contribution to Economy, Employment & Output
Food Security
• Mineral & Energy Resources
Classification of Minerals – Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
Occurrence of Minerals
Conservation of Minerals
Classification of Energy Resources–Conventional & Non - Conventional
Occurrence of Energy Resources
Conservation of Energy Resources
Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
• Classification of Industries
• Location & Distribution of the Industries on the Basis of
Raw Material
Labour
Market
Capital
Land
Grants & Financial Incentives
Power
Transport
Water
Communication
• Distribution of Major Industries – Iron & Steel, IT, Cotton Textile
• Agglomeration & Footloose Industries Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including Water-bodies and Ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes
• Earthquakes
Why Does Earth Shake?
Earthquake Waves
Shadow Zone
Types of Earthquake
Measuring Earthquake
Effects of Earthquake
• Tsunami
What Causes Tsunami
Effect of Tsunami
Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami
• Volcanoes
Types of Volcanoes
What Causes Volcanoes?
Volcanic Landforms
Intrusive volcanic Landforms
Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
Distribution of Volcanoes
• Cyclone
Tropical Cyclones
Anti-Cyclone
Extra Tropical Cyclones
• Factors Causing Changes in Critical Geographical Features
• Examples of Changing Geographical Features - Melting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.
• Impact of Changing Geographical Features
• Physical Geography of India
Physiography of India
Drainage System
Climate
Soils in India
Natural Vegetation
• Human Geography
Demography
Urbanization
Census
• Economic Geography
Agriculture
Mineral resource
Energy resources
Industry
Transport and Communication