Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science
Syllabus
Paper - I
1. Animal
Nutrition - Energy sources, energy, metabolism, and requirements for
maintenance and production of milk, meat, eggs, and wool. Evaluation of feeds as
sources of energy.
1.1. Trends in protein nutrition:
sources of protein metabolism and synthesis, protein quantity and quality about requirements. Energy protein ratios in ratio.
1.2. Minerals in animal
diet: Sources, functions, requirements, and their relationship of the basic
minerals nutrients including trace elements.
1.3. Vitamins, Hormones
and Growth Stimulating, substances: Sources, functions, requirements, and
inter-relationship with minerals.
1.4. Advances in
Ruminant Nutrition-Dairy Cattle: Nutrients and their metabolism regarding milk production and its composition. Nutrient requirements for calves,
heifers, dry and milking cows, and buffaloes. Limitations of various feeding
systems.
1.5 Advances in
Non-Ruminant Nutrition-Poultry-Nutrients and their metabolism concerning
poultry, meat and egg production, Nutrients requirements and feed formulation
and broilers at different ages.
1.6 Advances in
Non-Ruminant Nutrition-Swine-Nutrients and their metabolism with special
reference to growth and quality of meat production, Nutrient requirement, and
feed formulation for baby-growing and finishing pigs.
1.7. Advances in
Applied Animal Nutrition-A critical review and evaluation of feeding
experiments, digestibility, and balance studies. Feeding standards and measures
of food energy. Nutrition requirements for growth, maintenance, and production.
Balanced rations.
2. Animal Physiology:
2.1 Growth and
Animal Production: -Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves,
measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition,
meat quality.
2.2 Milk
Production and Reproduction and Digestion: Current status of hormonal
control of mammary development, milk secretion, and milk ejection. Male and
Female reproduction organs, their components, and function. Digestive organs and
their functions.
2.3 Environmental Physiology: Physiological
relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaption, environmental factors
and regulatory mechanism involved in animal behavior, methods of controlling
climatic stress.
2.4 Semen quality: Preservation
and Artificial Insemination-Components of semen, the composition of spermatozoa,
chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen
in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality
preservation, the composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of
diluted semen. Deep Freezing techniques in cows, sheep and goats, swine and
poultry. Detection of estrus and time of insemination for better
conception.
3. Livestock Production
and Management:
3.1 Commercial Dairy
Farming-Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying
under fixed farming and as a specialized farming, economic dairy farming,
Starting of a dairy farm. Capital and land requirement, organization of the
dairy farm. Procurement of goods; opportunities in dairy farming, factors
determining the efficiency of dairy animals, Herd recording, budgeting, cost of
milk production; pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and
Economic ration for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, field
and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm, Feeding regimes for day and young stock
and bulls, heifers and breeding animals, new trends in feeding young and adult
stock; Feeding records.
3.2. Commercial meat,
egg, and wool production: Development of practical and economic rations for
sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding
regimens for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and
management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.
3.3. Feeding and
management of animals under drought, flood, and other natural calamities.
4. Genetics and
Animal Breeding: Mitosis and Meiosis; Mendelian inheritance; deviations to
Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex
determination, sex influenced and sex-limited characters; Blood groups and
polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic
material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology,
Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation
rate.
4.1 Population Genetics
Applied to Animal Breeding: Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg
Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing
gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient;
Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of
inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding
value, dominance and epistatic deviation; partitioning of variation; Genotype X
environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; Role of
multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.
4.2 Breeding
Systems: Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic
correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to
selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within-family selection; Progeny testing; Methods of selection; Construction of
selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains
through various selection methods; Indirect selection and Correlated response;
Inbreeding, upgrading, cross-breeding, and synthesis of brees; Crossing of
inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific
combining ability; Breeding for threshold character.
Paper-II
1. Health and
Hygiene
1.1. Histology and
Histological Techniques: Stains-Chemical classification of stains used in
biological work-principles of staining tissues-mordants-progressive &
regressive stains-differential staining of cytoplasmic and connective tissue Elements-Methods
of preparation and processing of tissues-cello din Embedding-Freezing Microtome-Microscopy-Bright
field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organelles
& inclusions; cell division-cell Types-Tissues and their
classification-embryonic and adult Tissues-Comparative histology of organs: -
vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and urogenital Systems-Endocrine
Glands-Integuments-sense organs.
1.2. Embryology: Embryology
of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic
mammals-gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-fetal membranes &
placentation-types of the placenta in domestic Mammals-Teratology-twin &
twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and
ectodermal derivatives.
1.3 Bovine
Anatomy-Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX-surface anatomy of salivary
glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar, mental
& coronal nerve Block-Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental
nerve, median, ulnar & radial nerves-tibial, fibular and digital Nerves-Cranial
nerves-structures involved in epidural an aesthesia-superficial lymph
nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatus & their application in
the biomechanics of the mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowl: Musculoskeletal
system-functional anatomy about respiration and flying, digestion, and
egg production.
1.5 Physiology of blood
and its circulation, respiration; excretion, Endocrine glands in health and
disease.
1.5.1 Blood constituents: Properties
and functions-blood cell Formation-Hemoglobin synthesis and chemistry-plasma
proteins production, classification, and properties; coagulation of blood; Hemorrhagic
disorders-anticoagulants-blood Groups-Blood Volume-Plasma Expanders-Buffer
systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease
diagnosis.
1.5.2. Circulation: Physiology
of heart, cardiac cycle-heart sounds, heartbeat, electrocardiograms, Work and
efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac
muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, the effect of temperature and
stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, Osmotic regulation, arterial
pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary & pulmonary
circulation, Blood-Brain Barrier-Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.
1.5.3 Respiration: Mechanism
of respiration, Transport, and exchange of gases-neural control of
respiration-chemoreceptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
1.5.4 Excretion: Structure
and function of kidney-formation of urine methods of studying renal
function-renal regulation of acid-base balance; physiological constituents of
urine-renal failure-passive venous Congestion-Urinary recreation in Chicken-Sweat
glands and their function. Biochemical tests for urinary dysfunction.
1.5.5 Endocrine glands: Functional
disorders, their symptoms, and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, mechanism, and
control of secretion-hormonal receptors classification and function.
1.6. General knowledge
of pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs: Cellular level of
pharmacodynamics and pharmaco-kinetics-Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte
balance-drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system-Modern concepts of anesthesia and dissociative anesthetics-Autacoids-Antimicrobials and principles
of chemotherapy in microbial injections-use of hormones in
therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections-Drug and economic persons in
the Edible tissues of animals-chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases.
1.7. Veterinary
Hygiene concerning water, air and habitation: Assessment of pollution of
water, air and Soil-Importance of climate in animal health-effect of the environment on animal function and performance-relationship between industrialization
and animal agriculture-animal housing requirements for specific categories of
domestic animals viz. pregnant cows & cows, milking cows, broiler
birds-stress, strain & productivity about animal habitation.
2. Animal Diseases:
2.1 Pathogenesis,
symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of
cattle, pigs and poultry, horses, sheep, and goats.
2.2 Etiology, symptoms,
diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, pigs, and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency diseases
of domestic animals and birds.
2.4 Diagnosis and treatment
of nonspecific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhea, Indigestion,
dehydration, stroke, poisoning.
2.5 Diagnosis and
treatment of neurological disorders.
2.6 Principles and
methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases-hard immunity-disease
free zones-'zero' disease concept-chemoprophylaxis.
2.7 Anesthesia-local,
regional, and general-pre anaesthetic medication, Symptoms and surgical
interference in fractures and dislocation, Hernia, choking, abomasa Displacement-Caesarian
operations, Rumenotomy-Castrations.
2.8 Disease
investigation Techniques-Materials for laboratory Investigation-Establishment
Animal Health Centers-Disease free zone.
3. Veterinary
Public Health
3.1 Zoonosis: Classification,
definition; the role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of
zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases.
3.2. Epidemiology: Principles, the definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in
the study of diseases and disease control, Epidemiological features of air,
water, and food borne infections.
3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence: Rules
and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal
diseases-state and control Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne
diseases-S.P. C.A.-veterolegal Cases-Certificates-Materials and Methods of
collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.
4. Milk and Milk
Products Technology:
4.1 Milk Technology: Organization
of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk. Quality,
testing and grading raw milk, Quality storage grades of whole milk, Skimmed
milk and cream.
Processing, packaging, storing, distributing, marketing defects and their
control and nutritive properties of the following milks : Pasteurized,
standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted,
recombined and flavored milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and
their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavored
and sterilized milks. Legal standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and
safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.
4.2 Milk Products Technology: Selection
of raw materials, assembling, production, processing, storing, distributing and
marketing milk products such as Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese; Condensed,
evaporated, dried milk and baby food; Ice cream and Kulfi; by products; whey
products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing Grading, judging milk
products-BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control
nutritive properties. Packaging, processing and operational control Costs.
5. Meat Hygiene
and Technology: 5.1 Meat Hygiene:
5.1.1 Ante mortem care
and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations;
abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of
carcass meat cuts-drading of carcass meat cuts-duties and functions of
Veterinarians in Wholesome meat production.
5.1.2 Hygienic methods
of handling production of meat-spoilage of meat and control Measures-Post
slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence
them-quality improvement Methods-Adulteration of meat and Defection-Regulatory
provisions in Meat trade and Industry.
5.2. Meat Technology
5.2.1 Physical and
chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions-methods of preservation of
meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products; meat
products and formulations.
5.3. Byproducts:
Slaughter house by products and their Utilization-Edible and inedible
byproducts-social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter
house Byproducts-Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
5.4. Poultry
Products Technology: Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry
meat, pre slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection,
preservation of poultry meat, and products. Legal and BIS standards.
Structure, composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage.
Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
5.5. Rabbit/Fur
Animal farming: Care and management of rabbit meat production. Disposal
and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste byproducts. Grading of
wool.
6. Extension: Basic philosophy,
objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to
educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer
and feedback. Problems of constraints in transfer of technology. Animal
husbandry programmers for rural development
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