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14 Nov & 15 Nov 2022- Current Affairs MCQs for Practice

 

Question-1

In India, who is classified as being below the poverty line?

a)   Spending less than ₹30 a day in urban areas and under ₹27 a day in rural areas

b)   Spending less than ₹32 a day in urban areas and under ₹27 a day in rural areas

c)   Spending less than ₹32 a day in urban areas and under ₹24 a day in rural areas

d)   Spending less than ₹35 a day in urban areas and under ₹25 a day in rural areas

Ans- b

Explanation-

In India, more than 30 crore citizens have been classified as being below the poverty line (spending less than ₹32 a day in urban areas and under ₹27 a day in rural areas).

Question-2

What is the name of India’s first privately developed rocket?

a)   Nambi

b)   Prarambh

c)   Vikram-S

d)   Aryabhata-S

Answer: c

 

Explanation-

 

Inclement weather conditions have put off the sub-orbital launch of India’s first privately developed rocket – Vikram-S – to November 18, the Hyderabad-based space start-up Skyroot Aerospace said on Sunday.

 

Question3

The Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology, which has the mandate to evolve technical terminology in all Indian languages, will soon launch a website which will invite suggestions for the translation of words that are recent additions to the English language and are used widely in the country. What is the name of the site?

a)   Shabd Shala

b)   Shabd Samudaya

c)   Shabd Samaja

d)   Shabd Kosha

Answer : a

 

Explanation-

 

The Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT), which has the mandate to evolve technical terminology in all Indian languages, will soon launch Shabd Shala, a website which will invite suggestions for translation of words that are recent additions to the English language and are used widely in the country.

Question 4

Which State is set to be the first one in the country to offer the MBBS course transliterated in Hindi, meaning the text of the course will be in the English language written in the Devanagiri script rather than actually being translated into Hindi?

a)   Uttar Pradesh

b)   Bihar

c)   Madhya Pradesh

d)   Haryana

Answer : c

 

Explanation-

 

Madhya Pradesh is the first state in India to have issued these books and the first to offer the programme.

 

Question 5

While the summit of G-20 country leaders is happening in Indonesia this year, which country is hosting it in 2023?

a)   France

b)   Japan

c)   Brazil

d)   India

Answer : d

 

Explanation-

 

The G-20 forum of the world’s largest economies will be steered by emerging economies for the near future: Indonesia this year, India in 2023 and Brazil in 2024.

 

Question 6

What does UNCLOS stand for in the context of international law?

a)   United Nations convention on Land Occupation and Secession

b)   United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

c)   United Nations Convention on Labour Organisations and Statutes

d)   United Nations Conference on Land and Offshore security

Answer : b

 

Explanation-

 

Universally recognised principles of international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the relevant standards and recommended practices by the International Aviation Organisation (ICAO), and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

 

Question 7

Which of the following strategies are proposed by India in its recently released Long Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS)?

1.    Expand the nuclear power capacity by three fold in the next decade.

2.   Become an international hub for producing green hydrogen.

3.   Increase the proportion of ethanol in petrol.

4.   Increase the rate of soil carbon sequestration.

Choose the correct answer.

a)   1, 3 and 4 only

b)   1, 2 and 3 only

c)   2, 3 and 4 only

d)   1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer : b

 

Explanation-

 

Long Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS)

  • India released its LT-LEDS document at the COP27 climate conference.
  • The document outlines the actions India proposes to take towards low carbon development.
  • It document takes stock of the existing policies and speaks about what the government would like to do, under each of the following heads:
    • Electricity; Transportation; Adaptation in urban design, energy and material efficiency in buildings and sustainable urbanization; Decoupling of growth and emissions in industry; Carbon dioxide removal and related engineering solutions; Increasing forest cover and vegetation; and Economic and financial aspects of low carbon transition.
  • Under Article 4.19 of the Paris Agreement, an international climate agreement that was signed in 2015 to which India is a signatory, all countries are to “strive to formulate” long term low emission strategies.
  • The LT-LEDS released flows out of that agreement.
  • The LT-LEDS articulates India’s vision and action plan for achieving its NDC goals.
  • The strategy focuses primarily on:
    • Expand the nuclear power capacity by three fold in the next decade.
    • Become an international hub for producing green hydrogen.
    • Increase the proportion of ethanol in petrol.

Question 8

onsider the following statements with respect to the East Asia Summit (EAS):

1.    It is an initiative of the ASEAN and refers to the annual meeting of Heads of States/Governments of the member countries.

2.   Members of the EAS include both ASEAN and Non-ASEAN countries.

3.   This year is being celebrated as the ASEAN-India Friendship Year.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

a)   1 and 2 only

b)   1 and 3 only

c)   2 and 3 only

d)   1, 2 and 3

Answer : d

 

Explanation-

 

East Asia Summit (EAS)

  • The EAS is an ASEAN initiative and refers to the annual Meeting of Heads of States/Governments of these countries, where they are able to discuss common concerns and interests.
  • It began in 2005, with their first meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Members of the EAS include both ASEAN and Non-ASEAN countries.
  • 10 ASEAN countries – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
  • Apart from the ASEAN member states, the East Asia Summit includes India, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, the US and Russia.
  • The United States and the Russian Federation joined at the 6th East Asia Summit in 2011.
  • Its creation was based on the idea of enhancing cooperation among East Asian countries and those in the neighbouring regions.
  • Six priority areas of cooperation were identified – environment and energy, education, finance, global health issues and pandemic diseases, natural disaster management, and ASEAN Connectivity.
  • This year marks the 30th anniversary of ASEAN-India relations and is being celebrated as the ASEAN-India Friendship Year.

Question 9

Consider the following statements with respect to the Global Shield Plan:

1.    It was launched by the G7 group of countries to provide pre-arranged insurance and disaster protection funding after events such as floods, droughts and hurricanes.

2.   To avail the funding it is mandatory for countries to pay an insurance amount beforehand.

3.   Only countries that are placed under the least developed category can avail the fund.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

a)   1 only

b)   1 and 2 only

c)   2 and 3 only

d)   3 only

Answer : a

 

Explanation-

 

Global Shield Plan

  • It was launched at the COP27 by the G7 group of countries.
  • It aims to provide funding to countries suffering climate disasters.
  • The initiative is coordinated by Group of 7 president Germany and the V20 group of climate-vulnerable countries.
    • The V20 members represent a broad cross-section of countries in terms of size, geographical location, poverty and economic development.
    • A number of them even count as fragile states in a high alert situation (Afghanistan, Tanzania) and others with alert (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Timor Leste).
  • Global Shield Plan aims to rapidly provide pre-arranged insurance and disaster protection funding after events such as floods, droughts and hurricanes hit.
  • It is backed by 170 million euros ($175.17 million) in funding from Germany and 40 million euros from other donors including Denmark and Ireland.
  • In the next few months it will develop support to be deployed in countries including Pakistan, Ghana, Fiji and Senegal when events occur.
  • Countries need not insure to avail the funding.

Question 10

Consider the following statements with respect to the Automatic Identification System (AIS):

1.    They are designed to provide position, identification and other information about a ship to another ship and to coastal authorities automatically.

2.   In India, AIS is monitored by the Indian Navy under the Ministry of Defence.

3.   AIS is mandatory for all vessels above 20 metres in India.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are incorrect?

a)   2 only

b)   2 and 3 only

c)   1 only

d)   1 and 3 only

Answer : a

 

Explanation-

 

Automatic Identification System (AIS)

  • Automatic identification systems (AIS) transponders are designed to be capable of providing position, identification and other information about the ship to other ships and to coastal authorities automatically.
  • In India AIS is monitored by the Director General of Lighthouses and Lights, the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
  • An Automatic Identification System (AIS) was made compulsory for all vessels above 20 metres after the 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai.
  • However, for vessels under 20 metres, the process has been delayed for several reasons.
  • Verification and monitoring of a large number of fishing vessels in India has been greatly eased by the creation of the online ReALCraft (Registration and Licensing of Fishing Craft).

Question 11

Consider the following statements with respect to ‘In our LiFEtime Campaign’:

1.    It is a joint initiative of the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change and United Nations Development Programme.

2.   It aims to encourage youth between the ages of 18 to 23 years to become message bearers of sustainable lifestyles.

3.   Both Indian and Foreign youths can participate in the campaign.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

a)    1 and 2 only

b)   2 and 3 only

c)    1 and 3 only

d)   1, 2 and 3

Answer : d

 

Explanation-

 

In our LiFEtime Campaign

  • The Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), jointly launched the “In Our LiFEtime” campaign at a side event of the COP 27 in Egypt
  • The campaign aims to encourage youth between the ages of 18 to 23 years to become message-bearers of sustainable lifestyles.
  • The campaign gives a global call for ideas from youth across the world who are passionate about living environment conscious lives.
  • The youth can submit their climate actions that contribute to lifestyles for the environment, which are sustainable and scalable, and serve as good practices that can be shared globally.
  • LiFE – The concept of LiFE was introduced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at COP 26 in Glasgow.
  • LiFe envisions a circular economy, which is cultivated by mindful choices. It aims to develop a global network of individuals by nurturing “Pro Planet People” (P3).
  • India has included LiFE in its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to take climate-oriented actions.

Question 12

Consider the following statements with respect to the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (LCIPP):

1.    It is an initiative of the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA).

2.   The platform helps in preventing the illegal actions against the indigenous people across the world.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

a)   1 only

b)   2 only

c)   Both 1 and 2

d)   Neither 1 nor 2

Answer : d

 

Explanation-

 

Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (LCIPP)

  • The LCIPP was established in 2015 by the Conference of the Parties (COP21) of the UNFCCC.
  • The Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (LCIPP) is an open and inclusive space and brings together people and their knowledge systems to build a climate resilient world for all.
  • In accordance with the Paris Agreement climate change is a common concern of humankind.
  • When taking action to address climate change, the respective obligations on, inter alia, the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities should be respected, promoted and considered.
  • The COP has recognized the need to strengthen knowledge, technologies, practices and efforts of local communities and indigenous peoples related to addressing and responding to climate change.
  • In this context, the LCIPP was established, for the exchange of experiences and sharing of best practices on mitigation and adaptation in a holistic and integrated manner.
  • The platform has been established to strengthen the knowledge, technologies, practices, and efforts of local communities and indigenous peoples related to addressing and responding to climate change.

Question 13

Consider the following statements with respect to Isolated Proton Auroras (IPA):

1.    They occur when protons precipitating from the magnetosphere interact with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves.

2.   Both polar auroras and IPAs are responsible for depletion of the ozone layer.

3.   IPAs can also occur at lower latitudes than the polar auroras.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

a)   1 and 2 only

b)   1 and 3 only

c)   2 and 3 only

d)   1, 2 and 3

Answer : b

 

Explanation-

 

Isolated Proton Auroras (IPAs)

  • They occur when the sun belches out a barrage of fast-moving particles, which zip through space, crash into Earth's magnetosphere and surf into the lower levels of the atmosphere on magnetic field lines.
    • Magnetosphere is the region around Earth dominated by the planet's magnetic field.
  • They appear at sub-auroral latitudes, generated by energetic protons precipitating from the magnetosphere through interaction with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves.
  • In the mesosphere, these extra-terrestrial particles charge up local gas molecules, creating potentially hazardous compounds called nitrogen oxides and hydrogen oxides.
    • Mesosphere is a high later of the atmosphere that extends from 50 to 85kms over Earth.
  • These aurora generated oxides can eat away at ozone, a pale blue gas that occurs naturally in Earth's atmosphere.
  • A single IPA in 2015 caused 400kms wide hole in the upper ozone layer.
  • The hole only appeared in Earth’s mesosphere and did not extend to the much more important ozone layer in the stratosphere, which protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
  • However, the ozone depletion in the mesosphere could alter climate patterns in the lower layers of the atmosphere and the even the Earth’s surface.
  • Unlike the auroras that cause the famous northern lights and their southern counterparts, isolated proton auroras are far smaller and fainter, appearing as isolated spots of green light rather than great bands of colour looping through the sky.
  • These fainter auroras also occur at lower latitudes than the northern and southern lights, which appear above the North and South Poles.
  • Polar auroras do not cause ozone depletion.

Question 14

Consider the following statements with respect to Energy Transition Accelerator (ETA):

1.    It is an initiative of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

2.   It aims to finance the decommissioning of coal and accelerate clean energy deployment in developing countries.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

a)   1 only

b)   2 only

c)   Both 1 and 2

d)   Neither 1 nor 2

Answer : b

 

Explanation-

 

Energy Transition Accelerator (ETA)

  • The US government will build this programme with the Bezos Earth Fund and Rockefeller Foundation and has urged other public and private sector players to join in.
  • It aims to finance the decommissioning of coal and accelerate clean energy deployment in developing countries.
  • The aim is to operate it till 2030 and then possibly extend to 2035.
  • The concept of the ETA focuses on scaling up and de-risking private investment in accelerating the clean energy transition in developing countries.

Question 15

Consider the following statements regarding the US’ Currency Monitoring List:

1.    The list reviews the policies and monitors the currency practices of the US’ trading partners.

2.   When on the US' Currency Monitoring List, a country is considered a currency manipulator.

3.   India was recently added to the US’ Currency Monitoring List.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

a)   1 and 2 only

b)   1 and 3 only

c)   2 and 3 only

d)   1, 2 and 3

Answer : a

 

Explanation-

 

US’ Currency Monitoring List

  • The list closely monitors the currency practices and policies of some of the US’ major trade partners.
  • The economies that meet the following criteria in the 2015 Act are placed on the list.
  • Under this legislation, the Treasury Department has to assess the macroeconomic and exchange rate policies of the US’ trading partners for three specific criteria:
    • A significant bilateral trade surplus with the United States is a goods and services trade surplus that is at least $15 billion
    • A material current account surplus is one that is at least 3% of GDP, or a surplus for which Treasury estimates there is a material current account “gap” using Treasury’s Global Exchange Rate Assessment Framework (GERAF).
    • Persistent, one-sided intervention occurs when net purchases of foreign currency are conducted repeatedly, in at least 8 out of 12 months, and these net purchases total at least 2% of an economy’s GDP over a 12-month period.
  • When on the US' Currency Monitoring List, a country is considered a currency manipulator.
  • Along with India, Italy, Mexico, Thailand and Vietnam have also been removed from the list.
  • Countries currently in the list – China, Japan, Korea, Germany, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan.

Question 16

Consider the following statements with respect to the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution:

1.    It contains a list of both central and state laws which cannot be challenged in courts.

2.   Though a law which violates the basic structure of the Indian Constitution, if placed in the 9th Schedule cannot be challenged in the court.

3.   The Schedule became a part of the Constitution in 1951, when it was amended for the first time.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are incorrect?

a)   1 only

b)   2 only

c)   3 only

d)   1, 2 and 3

Answer : b

 

Explanation-

 

Ninth Schedule of the Constitution

  • It contains a list of central and state laws which cannot be challenged in courts.
  • Currently, 284 such laws are shielded from judicial review.
  • Most of the laws protected under the Schedule concern agriculture/land issues.
  • The Schedule became a part of the Constitution in 1951, when the document was amended for the first time.
  • It was created by the new Article 31B, which along with 31A was brought in by the government to protect laws related to agrarian reform and for abolishing the Zamindari system.
  • The First Amendment added 13 laws to the Schedule. Subsequent amendments in 1955, 1964, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1984, 1990, 1994, and 1999 have taken the number of protected laws to 284.
  • While the Ninth Schedule provides the law with a safe harbour from judicial review, the protection is not blanket.
  • When the Tamil Nadu law was challenged in 2007 (I R Coelho v State of Tamil Nadu), the Supreme Court ruled in a unanimous nine-judge verdict that while laws placed under Ninth Schedule.
  • It stated that laws cannot be challenged on the grounds of violation of fundamental rights, but they can be challenged on the ground of violating the basic structure of the Constitution.
  • The court clarified that the laws cannot escape the basic structure test if inserted into the Ninth Schedule after 1973.
  • It was in 1973 that the basic structure test evolved in the Kesavananda Bharati case as the ultimate test to examine the constitutional validity of laws.

 

Source- The Hindu Newspaper / PIB/ The Indian Express/DTE

 

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