WORLD AND INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Salient features of World’s Physical Geography

Geomorphology

 Origin & Evolution of Earth

 Interior of the Earth

 Distribution of Continents & Oceans

 Plate Tectonic Theory

 Distribution of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

 Rocks & Rock Cycle

 Geomorphic Processes – Endogenic & Exogenic

 Landforms & their Evolution

 Geological Time Scale

Oceanography

 Hydrological Cycle

 Seafloor Spreading

 Ocean Floor Configuration

 Temperature & Salinity of Oceans

 Movement of Oceans – Waves, Tides, Currents

Climatology

 Earth’s Atmosphere – Composition & Structure

 Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Temperature

 Atmospheric Circulation & Weather Systems

 World Climate (examples)

Soil Geography

 Soil & Soil Contents

 Process of Soil Formation

 Soil Forming Factors

 Types of Soils (examples)

 Soil Erosion & Conservation

Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent)

• Types of Resources

 On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Exhaustability etc.

• Land Resources

 Land Utilisation

 Land Use Pattern

 Land Degradation & Conservation

• Forest Resources

 Types & Distribution – Grasslands, Forests etc.

 Causes of Depletion

 Conservation of Forests

• Water Resources

 Marine & Freshwater

 Water Scarcity & Need For Conservation

 Integrated Water Resources Management

• Agricultural Resources

 Types of Farming

 Cropping Patterns

 Contribution to Economy, Employment & Output

 Food Security

• Mineral & Energy Resources

 Classification of Minerals – Ferrous & Non-Ferrous

 Occurrence of Minerals

 Conservation of Minerals

 Classification of Energy Resources–Conventional & Non - Conventional

 Occurrence of Energy Resources

 Conservation of Energy Resources

Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)

• Classification of Industries

• Location & Distribution of the Industries on the Basis of

 Raw Material

 Labour

 Market

 Capital

 Land

 Grants & Financial Incentives

 Power

 Transport

 Water

 Communication

• Distribution of Major Industries – Iron & Steel, IT, Cotton Textile

• Agglomeration & Footloose Industries Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including Water-bodies and Ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes

• Earthquakes

 Why Does Earth Shake?

 Earthquake Waves

 Shadow Zone

 Types of Earthquake

 Measuring Earthquake

 Effects of Earthquake

• Tsunami

 What Causes Tsunami

 Effect of Tsunami

 Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami

• Volcanoes

 Types of Volcanoes

 What Causes Volcanoes?

 Volcanic Landforms

 Intrusive volcanic Landforms

 Extrusive Volcanic Landforms

 Distribution of Volcanoes

• Cyclone

 Tropical Cyclones

 Anti-Cyclone

 Extra Tropical Cyclones

• Factors Causing Changes in Critical Geographical Features

• Examples of Changing Geographical Features - Melting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.

• Impact of Changing Geographical Features

• Physical Geography of India

 Physiography of India

 Drainage System

 Climate

 Soils in India

 Natural Vegetation

• Human Geography

 Demography

 Urbanization

 Census

• Economic Geography

 Agriculture

 Mineral resource

 Energy resources

 Industry

 Transport and Communication