First Amendment Act

1951

Special provisions for socially and backward classes; added Ninth Schedule; three more grounds for restricting Article 19 (1) (public order, friendly relations with foreign states, incitement to an offence)

Second Amendment Act

1952

Readjusted the scale of representation in the Lok Sabha to allow one member to represent more than 7.5 lakh people

Seventh Amendment Act

1956

Introduced common High Courts for two or more states; abolished Class A, B, C, and D states; formed 14 states and 6 Union Territories; introduced Union Territories

Ninth Amendment Act

1960

Adjusted Indian Territory as a result of an agreement with Pakistan (Indo-Pak Agreement 1958); ceded Berubari Union to Pakistan

Tenth Amendment Act

1961

Incorporated Dadra, Nagar, and Haveli as a Union Territory

12th Amendment Act

1962

Incorporated Goa, Daman, and Diu as a Union Territory

13th Amendment Act

1962

Formed Nagaland with special status under Article 371A

14th Amendment Act

1962

Incorporated Pondicherry into the Indian Union; provided legislature and council of ministers to Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Goa, Daman, Diu, and Puducherry

19th Amendment Act

1966

Abolished the system of Election Tribunals; gave High Courts the power to hear election petitions

21st Amendment Act

1967

Included Sindhi language in the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution

24th Amendment Act

1971

Made the President's assent to Constitutional Amendment Bill compulsory

25th Amendment Act

1971

Curtailed the Fundamental Right to Property

26th Amendment Act

1971

Abolished the privy purse and privileges of former rulers of princely states

31st Amendment Act

1972

Increased Lok Sabha seats from 525 to 545

35th Amendment Act

1974

Terminated Sikkim's status as a protectorate state; made Sikkim an 'Associate State' of India

36th Amendment Act

1975

Made Sikkim a full-fledged state of India

40th Amendment Act

1976

Empowered Parliament to specify the limits of the territorial waters, the continental shelf, the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and the maritime zones of India

42nd Amendment Act

1976

Most comprehensive amendment; known as the ‘Mini-Constitution’; candidates should read about it in detail in the linked article

44th Amendment Act

1978

Enacted by the Janata Government; candidates should read about it in detail in the linked article

52nd Amendment Act

1985

Added a new Tenth Schedule providing for anti-defection laws; candidates can read in detail about the Tenth Schedule in the linked article

61st Amendment Act

1989

Reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 for Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies elections

65th Amendment Act

1990

Established a multi-member National Commission for SC/ST; removed the office of a special officer for SCs and STs; candidates can read about these National Commissions from the links provided

69th Amendment Act

1991

Gave Union Territory of Delhi the special status of ‘National Capital Territory of Delhi’; established a 70-member legislative assembly and a 7-member council of ministers in Delhi

71st Amendment Act

1992

Included Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali languages in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution; increased total number of official languages to 18

73rd Amendment Act

1992

Granted constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions; added a new Part-IX and 11th Schedule to recognize Panchayati Raj Institutions and provisions related to them

74th Amendment Act

1992

Granted constitutional status to urban local bodies; added a new Part IX-A and 12th Schedule to the Indian Constitution

86th Amendment Act

2002

Made elementary education a fundamental right; provided free and compulsory education to children between 6 and 14 years; added a new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A for parents to provide education to their children

88th Amendment Act

2003

Made provision for Service Tax under Article 268-A; service tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States

92nd Amendment Act

2003

Added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali languages to the 8th Schedule; increased total official languages from 18 to 22

95th Amendment Act

2009

Extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs and special representation for Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies for ten more years, up to 2020 (Article 334)

97th Amendment Act

2011

Granted constitutional status to Co-operative Societies; made right to form cooperative societies a fundamental right (Article 19); added a new Directive Principle of State Policy (Article 43-B) to promote cooperative societies; added a new Part IX-B for cooperative societies

100th Amendment Act

2015

Pursued the land boundary agreement 1974 between India and Bangladesh; exchanged some enclave territories with Bangladesh; amended provisions relating to the territories of Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya in the first schedule of the Constitution

101st Amendment Act

2016

Introduced Goods and Service Tax (GST); candidates can read more about GST in the linked article

102nd Amendment Act

2018

Granted constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)

103rd Amendment Act

2019

Provided a maximum of 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections of citizens other than SCs, STs, and OBCs; candidates can learn about EWS Criteria for UPSC in the linked article

104th Amendment Act

2020

Extended the deadline for cessation of seats for SCs and STs in Lok Sabha and state assemblies from seventy years to eighty; removed reserved seats for Anglo-Indian community in Lok Sabha and state assemblies

105th Amendment Act

2021

Restored state governments' power to prepare the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) list

106th Amendment Act

2023

Reserved one-third of all seats for women in Lok Sabha, State legislative assemblies, and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, including those reserved for SCs and STs